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Resumo Introdução: O acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico tem como tratamento a terapia trombolítica, aplicada ainda na fase aguda, promovendo melhora importante nas sequelas acarretadas por este agravo. Considerando a complexidade da terapia trombolítica, torna-se necessário que os enfermeiros compreendam suas competências para auxiliar no cuidado. Objetivo: Identificar evidências científicas acerca das competências do enfermeiro no cuidado a pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral elegíveis à terapia trombolítica. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa composta por seis etapas em seis etapas (elaboração da questão, busca na literatura, coleta de dados, análise, discussão e apresentação da revisão), realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF, IBECS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase e CINAHL. A busca foi realizada entre agosto e setembro de 2022 adotando como critérios de inclusão estudos primários; gratuitos, disponíveis eletronicamente na íntegra; nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Foram obtidos inicialmente 2.830 estudos, os quais passaram por uma seleção, onde foram incluídos aqueles que atendiam os critérios previamente estabelecidos. Resultados: Com base nos doze estudos incluídos nesta revisão identificaram-se competências voltadas à três atividades do cuidado: gestão do cuidado como trabalho em equipe, códigos, fluxos e protocolos, assistência ao paciente antes, durante e após a utilização da terapia trombolítica e educação em saúde para equipe, pacientes e familiares. Conclusão: Os achados desta revisão puderam evidenciar as competências do enfermeiro no cuidado aos pacientes elegíveis a terapia trombolítica, as quais perpassam diferentes áreas de atuação do enfermeiro. Para este estudo prevaleceram as competências assistências, seguida por competências gerenciais.
Resumen Introducción: El accidente cerebrovascular isquémico se trata con terapia trombolítica, aplicada incluso en la fase aguda, que promueve una mejoría significativa de las secuelas provocadas por este padecimiento. Considerando la complejidad de la terapia trombolítica, es necesario que las personas profesionales de enfermería comprendan sus competencias para ayudar en el cuidado. Objetivo: Identificar evidencias científicas sobre las competencias del personal de enfermería en el cuidado de pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular elegibles para terapia trombolítica. Metodología: Revisión integradora que consta de seis etapas (elaboración de la pregunta, búsqueda bibliográfica, recolección de datos, análisis, discusión y presentación de la revisión), realizada en las bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF, IBECS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase y CINAHL. La búsqueda se realizó entre agosto y septiembre de 2022. Los criterio de inclusión fueron: estudios primarios, gratuito, disponible electrónicamente en su totalidad, en inglés, portugués y español. Inicialmente se obtuvieron 2830 estudios, los cuales fueron sometidos a un proceso de selección, que incluyó aquellos que cumplían con los criterios previamente establecidos. Resultados: A partir de los doce estudios incluidos en esta revisión, se identificaron competencias centradas en tres actividades asistenciales: gestión del cuidado como trabajo en equipo, códigos, flujos y protocolos, atención a pacientes antes, durante y después del uso de la terapia trombolítica y educación en salud para personal, pacientes y familias. Conclusión: Los hallazgos de esta revisión pudieron resaltar las competencias de las personas profesionales en enfermería en el cuidado de personas elegibles para terapia trombolítica, que abarcan diferentes áreas de actuación del personal de enfermería. Para este estudio, prevalecieron las habilidades asistenciales, seguidas de las competencias gerenciales.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Ischemic stroke is treated with thrombolytic therapy, applied even in the acute phase, promoting a significant improvement in the after-effects caused by this condition. Considering the complexity of thrombolytic therapy, it is necessary for nurses to understand the skills required to assist in care. Objective: To identify scientific evidence about the competencies of nurses in the care of patients with stroke who are eligible for thrombolytic therapy. Methodology: An integrative review consisting of six stages (elaboration of the question, literature review, data collection, analysis, discussion, and presentation), conducted in MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF, IBECS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and CINAHL databases. The search was carried out between August and September 2022 using primary studies as the inclusion criteria: free of charge, fully available electronically, published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. Initially, 2.830 studies were obtained, which underwent a selection process that included only those studies that met the previously established criteria. Results: Based on the twelve studies included in this review, competencies focused on three care activities were identified: care management such as teamwork; codes; flows and protocols; patient care before, during, and after the use of thrombolytic therapy; and education health education for staff, patients, and families. Conclusion: The findings of this review highlighted the nurses' competencies in the care of patients eligible for thrombolytic therapy, which encompass different areas of the nurse's work. For this study, assistance competencies prevailed, followed by management competencies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Thrombolytic Therapy/nursing , Stroke/nursing , Nursing CareABSTRACT
Portal vein thrombosis is one of the common complications of liver cirrhosis. The incidence of portal vein thrombosis is increased with the progression of diseases. The incidence and progression of portal vein thrombosis are associated with multiple factors. The indications of anticoagulant therapy remain to be investigated. At present, portal vein thrombosis is no longer considered as a contraindication for liver transplantation. Nevertheless, complicated portal vein thrombosis will increase perioperative risk of liver transplantation. How to restore the blood flow of portal vein system is a challenge for surgical decision-making in clinical practice. Rational preoperative typing, surgical planning and portal vein reconstruction are the keys to ensure favorable long-term prognosis of liver transplant recipients. In this article, epidemiological status, risk factors, typing and identification of portal vein thrombosis, preoperative and intraoperative management of portal vein thrombosis in liver transplantation, and the impact of portal vein thrombosis on the outcomes of liver transplantation were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for perioperative management of portal vein thrombosis throughout liver transplantation.
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Introducción: la trombólisis intravenosa revolucionó la terapéutica de los pacientes con accidentes cerebrovasculares isquémicos. Objetivo: determinar las características clínicas y tiempo de inicio de tratamiento trombolítico en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico en la Unidad de ICTUS del Hospital de Clínicas. Metodología: estudio retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo, transversal, muestreo no probabilístico, de pacientes con diagnóstico de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico ingresados en la Unidad de ICTUS del Hospital de Clínicas, desde enero del 2015 hasta junio del 2022. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas, tiempo de inicio de tratamiento trombolítico, NIHSS al ingreso, 24 horas y 5 días, escala ASPCT, glicemia, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiaca, transformación hemorrágica. Resultados: 10 % de los pacientes cumplieron criterios de trombólisis, edad media 62 ± 1, masculino 59 %. Promedio desde el ingreso hospitalario hasta el goteo del trombolítico fue 44±2 minutos y desde el inicio del cuadro hasta el goteo del trombolítico 195 ± 5 minutos. Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular más frecuentes fueron Hipertensión Arterial y Diabetes Mellitus, en 5 % de los trombolizados ocurrieron transformaciones hemorrágicas sintomáticas. Conclusión: 10 % de los pacientes cumplieron criterios para trombólisis. La media desde el ingreso al hospital hasta el goteo del fibrinolítico fue de 44 minutos y desde el inicio del cuadro hasta el goteo del trombolítico 195 ± 5 minutos. Los factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiaca más frecuentes fueron la Hipertensión Arterial y Diabetes Mellitus, ocurrió 5% de transformación hemorrágica sintomática.
Introduction: intravenous thrombolysis revolutionized the therapy of patients with ischemic strokes. Objective: to determine the clinical characteristics and time of initiation of thrombolytic treatment in patients with ischemic stroke in the Stroke Unit of the Hospital de Clínicas. Methodology: this was a retrospective, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, we used non-probabilistic sampling, of patients with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke admitted to the Stroke Unit of the Hospital de Clínicas, from January 2015 to June 2022. Sociodemographic variables, start time of thrombolytic treatment, NIHSS at admission, 24 hours and 5 days, ASPCT scale, glycemia, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, risk factors for heart disease, hemorrhagic transformation. Results: 10 % of patients met thrombolysis criteria, with a mean age of 62 ± 1,59 % were male. The average time from hospital admission to the thrombolytic drip was 44 ± 2 minutes and from the onset of symptoms to the thrombolytic drip was 195 ± 5 minutes. The most frequent cardiovascular risk factors were High Blood Pressure and Diabetes Mellitus; symptomatic hemorrhagic transformations occurred in 5 % of the thrombolyzed patients. Conclusion: 10 % of patients met criteria for thrombolysis. The mean time from hospital admission to the fibrinolytic drip was 44 minutes and from the onset of symptoms to the thrombolytic drip was 195 ± 5 minutes. The most frequent risk factors for heart disease were High Blood Pressure and Diabetes Mellitus, 5 % of symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation occurred.
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Abstract Over the last three decades, stroke care has undergone significant transformations mainly driven by the introduction of reperfusion therapy and the organization of systems of care. Patients receiving treatment through a well-structured stroke service have a much higher chance of favorable outcomes, thereby decreasing both disability and mortality. In this article, we reviewed the scientific evidence for stroke reperfusion therapy, including thrombolysis and thrombectomy, and its implementation in the public health system in Brazil.
Resumo Nas últimas três décadas, o tratamento do AVC sofreu transformações significativas, impulsionadas principalmente pela introdução das terapias de reperfusão e pela organização dos serviços de AVC. Os pacientes que recebem tratamento em um serviço de AVC bem estruturado têm uma probabilidade muito maior de resultados favoráveis, diminuindo assim a incapacidade funcional e a mortalidade. Neste artigo, revisamos as evidências científicas para as terapias de reperfusão do AVC, incluindo trombólise e trombectomia e sua implementação no sistema público de saúde no Brasil.
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Introducción: la trombólisis intravenosa revolucionó la terapéutica de los pacientes con accidentes cerebrovasculares isquémicos. Objetivo: determinar las características clínicas y tiempo de inicio de tratamiento trombolítico en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico en la Unidad de ICTUS del Hospital de Clínicas. Metodología: estudio retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo, transversal, muestreo no probabilístico, de pacientes con diagnóstico de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico ingresados en la Unidad de ICTUS del Hospital de Clínicas, desde enero del 2015 hasta junio del 2022. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas, tiempo de inicio de tratamiento trombolítico, NIHSS al ingreso, 24 horas y 5 días, escala ASPCT, glicemia, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiaca, transformación hemorrágica. Resultados: 10 % de los pacientes cumplieron criterios de trombólisis, edad media 62 ± 1, masculino 59 %. Promedio desde el ingreso hospitalario hasta el goteo del trombolítico fue 44±2 minutos y desde el inicio del cuadro hasta el goteo del trombolítico 195 ± 5 minutos. Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular más frecuentes fueron Hipertensión Arterial y Diabetes Mellitus, en 5 % de los trombolizados ocurrieron transformaciones hemorrágicas sintomáticas. Conclusión: 10 % de los pacientes cumplieron criterios para trombólisis. La media desde el ingreso al hospital hasta el goteo del fibrinolítico fue de 44 minutos y desde el inicio del cuadro hasta el goteo del trombolítico 195 ± 5 minutos. Los factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiaca más frecuentes fueron la Hipertensión Arterial y Diabetes Mellitus, ocurrió 5% de transformación hemorrágica sintomática.
Introduction: intravenous thrombolysis revolutionized the therapy of patients with ischemic strokes. Objective: to determine the clinical characteristics and time of initiation of thrombolytic treatment in patients with ischemic stroke in the Stroke Unit of the Hospital de Clínicas. Methodology: this was a retrospective, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, we used non-probabilistic sampling, of patients with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke admitted to the Stroke Unit of the Hospital de Clínicas, from January 2015 to June 2022. Sociodemographic variables, start time of thrombolytic treatment, NIHSS at admission, 24 hours and 5 days, ASPCT scale, glycemia, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, risk factors for heart disease, hemorrhagic transformation. Results: 10 % of patients met thrombolysis criteria, with a mean age of 62 ± 1,59 % were male. The average time from hospital admission to the thrombolytic drip was 44 ± 2 minutes and from the onset of symptoms to the thrombolytic drip was 195 ± 5 minutes. The most frequent cardiovascular risk factors were High Blood Pressure and Diabetes Mellitus; symptomatic hemorrhagic transformations occurred in 5 % of the thrombolyzed patients. Conclusion: 10 % of patients met criteria for thrombolysis. The mean time from hospital admission to the fibrinolytic drip was 44 minutes and from the onset of symptoms to the thrombolytic drip was 195 ± 5 minutes. The most frequent risk factors for heart disease were High Blood Pressure and Diabetes Mellitus, 5 % of symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation occurred.
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Abstract Background Treatment at an organized stroke unit center (SUC) improves survival after stroke. Stroke mortality has decreased worldwide in recent decades. Objective This study shows the experience of a SUC in the Northeast of Brazil, comparing its first, second, and third years. Methods We compared data on the SUC prospectively collected from 31 July 2018 to 31 July 2019 (year 1), August 1st, 2019, to July 31st, 2020 (year 2), and August 1st to July 31st, 2021 (year 3). Results There was an expertise evolution through the years, with good outcomes in spite of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in the 3rd year. Also, in the 1st year, the median (interquartile range) door-to-needle time was 39.5 (29.5-60.8) minutes evolving to 22 (17-30) minutes, and then to 17 (14-22) minutes in the last year. Conclusion This was the first report on a SUC's outcome in the Brazil's Central Arid Northeast countryside, and it shows the improvement in care for patients with stroke through an effective healthcare line.
Resumo Antecedentes O tratamento em um centro organizado com Unidade de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) melhora a sobrevida após o AVC. A mortalidade por AVC diminuiu em todo o mundo nas últimas décadas. Objetivo Este estudo mostra a experiência de um centro de AVC no Nordeste brasileiro, comparando o primeiro, segundo e terceiro anos do serviço. Métodos Nós comparamos dados coletados prospectivamente na Unidade de AVC de 31 de julho de 2018 a 31 de julho 2019 (ano 1), 1° de agosto de 2019 a 31 de julho de 2020 (ano 2) e 1° de agosto a 31 de julho de 2021 (ano 3). Resultados Houve uma evolução na conhecimento especializado ao longo dos anos, com bons desfechos apesar da pandemia de coronavirus disease 2019 no terceiro ano. Além disso, no primeiro ano a mediana do tempo porta-agulha foi de 39.5 (29.5-60.8) minutos, evoluindo para 22 (17-30) minutos, e então 17 (14-22) minutos no último ano. Conclusão Este foi o primeiro relato sobre o desempenho de um serviço de AVC do interior do Nordeste brasileiro e evidencia a melhoria assistencial aos pacientes com AVC por meio de uma efetiva linha de cuidado em saúde.
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Abstract Background The efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is time-dependent. Objective To compare the door-to-needle (DTN) time of stroke neurologists (SNs) versus non-stroke neurologists (NSNs) and emergency room physicians (EPs). Additionally, we aimed to determine elements associated with DTN ≤ 20 minutes. Methods Prospective study of patients with IVT treated at Clínica Alemana between June 2016 and September 2021. Results A total of 301 patients underwent treatment for IVT. The mean DTN time was 43.3 ± 23.6 minutes. One hundred seventy-three (57.4%) patients were evaluated by SNs, 122 (40.5%) by NSNs, and 6 (2.1%) by EPs. The mean DTN times were 40.8 ± 23, 46 ± 24.7, and 58 ± 22.5 minutes, respectively. Door-to-needle time ≤ 20 minutes occurred more frequently when patients were treated by SNs compared to NSNs and EPs: 15%, 4%, and 0%, respectively (odds ratio [OR]: 4.3, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.66-11.5, p = 0.004). In univariate analysis DTN time ≤ 20 minutes was associated with treatment by a SN (p = 0.002), coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic period (p = 0.21), time to emergency room (ER) (p = 0.21), presence of diabetes (p = 0.142), hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.007), atrial fibrillation (p < 0.09), score on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (p = 0.001), lower systolic (p = 0.143) and diastolic (p = 0.21) blood pressures, the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS; p = 0.09), vessel occlusion (p = 0.05), use of tenecteplase (p = 0.18), thrombectomy (p = 0.13), and years of experience of the physician (p < 0.001). After multivariate analysis, being treated by a SN (OR: 3.95; 95%CI: 1.44-10.8; p = 0.007), NIHSS (OR: 1.07; 95%CI: 1.02-1.12; p < 0.002) and lower systolic blood pressure (OR: 0.98; 95%CI: 0.96-0.99; p < 0.003) remained significant. Conclusions Treatment by a SN resulted in a higher probability of treating the patient in a DTN time within 20 minutes.
Resumen Antecedentes La respuesta a la trombólisis intravenosa (TIV) es dependiente del tiempo. Objetivo Comparar los tiempo puerta-aguja (TPAs) de neurólogos vasculares (NVs) contra los de neurólogos no vasculares (NNVs) y médicos emergencistas (MEs), y determinar los elementos asociados a un PTA ≤ 20 minutos. Métodos Análisis observacional prospectivo de pacientes con TIV tratados en Clínica Alemana entre junio de 2016 y septiembre de 2021. Resultados En total, 301 pacientes con TIV fueron tratados. El TPA promedio fue de 43,3 ± 23,6 minutos. Un total de 173 (57,4%) pacientes fueron evaluados por NVs, 122 (40,5%), por NNVs, y 6 (2,1%), por MEs; los TPAs promedios fueron de 40,8 ± 23; 46 ± 24,7 y 58 ± 22,5 minutos, respectivamente. Los TPAs ≤ 20 minutos fueron más frecuentes en pacientes tratados por NVs versus NNVs y MEs: 15%, 4% y 0%, respectivamente (odds ratio [OR]: 4,3; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 1,66-11,5; p = 0,004). El análisis univariado demostró que TPA ≤ 20 minutos se asoció con: tratamiento por NVs (p = 0,002), periodo de la pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19; p = 0,21), tiempo a urgencia (p = 0,21), diabetes (p = 0,142), hipercolesterolemia (p = 0,007), fibrilación auricular (p < 0,09), puntaje en la National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] (p = 0,001), presión arterial sistólica (p = 0,143) y diastólica menores (p = 0,21), Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS ; p = 0,09), oclusión de vasos cerebrales (p =0,05), uso de tecneteplase (p = 0,18), trombectomía (p = 0,13) y años de experiencia del médico (p < 0,001). El análisis multivariado demostró que ser tratado por NVs (OR: 3,95; IC95%: 1,44-10,8; p = 0,007), el puntaje en la NIHSS (OR: 1,07; IC95%: 1,02-1,12; p < 0,002) y la presión arterial sistólica (OR: 0,98; IC95%: 0,96-0,99; p < 0,003) se asociaron a TPA ≤ 20 minutos. Conclusões El tratamiento por NVs resultó en un TPA menor y en una mayor probabilidad de tratamiento ≤ 20 minutos.
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Fundamento: el infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST impone un gran desafío a los sistemas de salud, por tanto, su diagnóstico y manejo son importantes. Objetivo: determinar las principales características clínico-epidemiológicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal sobre una serie de pacientes atendidos en el Hospital General Universitario Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima de Cienfuegos, en el periodo de enero a junio de 2021. El universo estuvo constituido por 77 pacientes. Se estudiaron variables como: edad, sexo, color de la piel, procedencia, comorbilidades, hábitos tóxicos, manifestaciones clínicas, trombolisis, lugar donde se trombolizaron, causas de no trombolisis, topografía del infarto agudo de miocardio, estado al egreso, complicaciones del infarto y del tratamiento trombolítico. Para el procesamiento y análisis de la información se creó una base de datos en el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 21.0 que permitió el cálculo de las frecuencias absolutas y los porcentajes. Resultados: la media de edad fue 66,08 (±9,43). Hubo un predominio del sexo masculino (64,7 %); el 59,7 % de los pacientes fueron trombolizados; el dolor torácico típico fue la principal manifestación clínica con un 71,4 %; fallecieron 12 pacientes, de ellos el 10,4 % no recibió tratamiento trombolítico. Conclusiones: el principal motivo de consulta sigue siendo el dolor torácico. La edad y las comorbilidades son factores de riesgo a tener en cuenta a la hora de prevenir esta entidad. La trombolisis es una medida terapéutica que tiene repercusión directa en el estado al egreso de los pacientes, este procedimiento se realiza en su mayoría en el hospital.
Background: ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction poses a great challenge to health systems, therefore its diagnosis and management are important. Objective: to determine the main clinical-epidemiological characteristics of patients diagnosed with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction. Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out on a series of patients treated at the Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima University General Hospital in Cienfuegos, from January to June 2021. The universe consisted of 77 patients. Variables such as: age, sex, skin color, origin, comorbidities, toxic habits, clinical manifestations, thrombolysis, place where they were thrombolyzed, causes of non-thrombolysis, topography of acute myocardial infarction, discharge status, infarction complications and of thrombolytic treatment. For the processing and analysis of the information, a database was created in the statistical package SPSS version 21.0 that allowed the calculation of the absolute frequencies and the percentages. Results: the mean age was 66.08 (±9.43). There was a predominance of the male sex (64.7 %); 59.7 % of the patients were thrombolyzed; typical chest pain was the main clinical manifestation with 71.4 %; 12 patients died, of which 10.4 % did not receive thrombolytic treatment. Conclusions: the main reason for consultation continues to be chest pain. Age and comorbidities are risk factors to take into account when preventing this entity. Thrombolysis is a therapeutic measure that has a direct impact on the state at discharge of patients, this procedure is performed mostly in the hospital.
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RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN. El ACV menor hace referencia a un evento isquémico que cursa con síntomas leves. Se ha señalado que estos pacientes pueden presentar un desenlace clínico desfavorable. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el desenlace funcional a 90 días de pacientes con ACV isquémico menor, atendidos en dos hospitales de Bucaramanga, Colombia, entre los años 2015 y 2017. MÉTODOS. Estudio de cohorte en pacientes con ACV isquémico agudo y un puntaje NIHSS ≤ 5 puntos. Un desenlace clínico desfavorable a 90 días de seguimiento fue medido como un puntaje Rankin-m ≥ 3 puntos. Se realizó un análisis bivariado a través de modelos de regresión binomial simple y ajustado por edad y sexo. Un valor p <0,05 fue considerado estadísticamente significativo. RESULTADOS. Se incluyeron 90 pacientes (edad de 66,6± 13,5 años, 54,4% (n=49) de sexo masculino). El 36,5% (n=23) de los pacientes presentó un puntaje Rankin-m de 3 a 6 puntos. El antecedente de diabetes mellitus (RR: 2,50 IC 95%:1,33-4,70) y un Rankin-m previo de 2 (RR 2,12 IC 95%:1,39-3,24) fueron variables independientemente asociadas a discapacidad significativa. CONCLUSIÓN. Un estado funcional previamente comprometido, sumado a la disfunción endotelial que genera la diabetes mellitus, contribuye a un desenlace desfavorable en los pacientes con ACV menor.
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION. Minor stroke refers to an ischemic vascular event that start with discrete symptoms. It has been suggested that these patients may have an unfavorable clinical outcome. AIM. To evaluate the functional outcome at 90 days in patients with minor ischemic stroke in two hospitals in Bucaramanga, between 2015 and 2017. METHODS. Cohort study in patients with acute ischemic stroke and NIHSS ≤ 5 points. An unfavorable clinical outcome was measured according to the modified Rankin Scale as ≥ 3 points. A bivariate analysis was performed through simple binomial regression models adjusted for age and sex. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS. 90 patients were included (Aged 66.6 ± 13.5 years, 49 males (54%); 23 (36,5%) presented a modified Rankin score of 3-6 points. A history of diabetes (RR: 2.50 CI 95%: 1.33-4.70) and a modified Rankin score of 2 points prior to the event (RR 2.12 CI 95%: 1.39-3.24) were independently associated with significant disability CONCLUSION. A previously compromised functional state, added to the endothelial dysfunction generated by diabetes mellitus, contribute significantly to an unfavorable outcome in patients with minor stroke.
Subject(s)
Thrombolytic Therapy , Stroke , Disabled Persons , Observational StudyABSTRACT
Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares cobran más vidas en Estados Unidos que todas las formas de cáncer y las enfermedades crónicas de las vías respiratorias inferiores combinadas, representan las - partes de las causas de hospitalización en países de primer mundo. De estas el infarto agudo de miocardio ocupa cifras mayoritarias. Objetivo: Identificar algunas variables clínicas-ecocardiográficas y terapéuticas asociados a la presencia de complicaciones del infarto agudo de miocardio topografía inferior. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, analítico, de casos y controles en pacientes con diagnóstico de infarto agudo de miocardio topografía inferior, se tomaron variables clínicas, ecocardiográficas y terapéuticas. Para determinar los factores pronósticos de mortalidad se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística binaria análisis multivariado. Resultados: Edad ≥ 65 años lo cual representó el 23,93 % del total, teniendo valor p= 0,032 (p ≤ 0,05), el 54 % de los casos o sea de pacientes con complicaciones se deben al no tratamiento trombolítico. Se realizó una regresión logística binaria donde variables tales como; edad ≥ 65 años, el no uso de la terapia trombolítica, la FEVI < 50 % y TDI VD < 9,5 cm/s mostraron probabilidades mayores de presentar complicaciones en pacientes con infarto de topografía inferior. Conclusiones: La edad ≥65 años, el sexo femenino, la función ventrículo izquierdo y derecho deprimido, se correlacionan con la presencia de complicaciones en el infarto agudo de miocardio de topografía inferior.
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases claim more lives in the United States than all forms of cancer and chronic lower respiratory diseases combined; and represent 3/4 of the causes of hospitalization in first world countries. Of these, acute myocardial infarction occupies the majority figures. Objective: To identify some clinical-echocardiographic and therapeutic variables associated with the presence of complications of acute myocardial infarction lower topography. Methods: A retrospective, analytical, case-control study was carried out in patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction lower topography, clinical, echocardiographic and therapeutic variables were taken. To determine the prognostic factors of mortality, a binary logistic regression model multivariate analysis was used. Results: Age ≥ 65 years which represented 23.93 % of the total, having p value = 0.032 (p ≤ 0.05), 54 % of cases or patients with complications are due to no thrombolytic treatment, a binary logistic regression was performed where variables such as; age ≥ 65 years, non-use of thrombolytic therapy, LVEF < 50% and TDI RV < 9.5 cm/s were more likely to present complications in patients with lower topography infarction. Conclusions: Age ≥65 years, female sex, depressed left and right ventricle function correlate with the presence of complications in acute myocardial infarction of lower topography.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of intravenous thrombolysis combined with Xingnaojing injection on hemodynamic indexes and neurological function in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods:A total of 142 patients with cerebral infarction who were treated in Xing An Meng Hospital from April 2020 to May 2021 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into a control group ( n = 71, intravenous thrombolysis) and a Xingnaojing injection group ( n = 71, intravenous thrombolysis + Xingnaojing injection). Intracranial arterial hemodynamic indexes, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale score, serum inflammatory factors, oxidative stress indexes, brain injury markers, and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results:After treatment, serum levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly lower in the Xingnaojing injection group than the control group [interleukin-1β: (4.05 ± 0.83) ng/L vs. (6.85 ± 1.02) ng/L, interleukin-6: (43.61 ± 5.14) ng/L vs. (60.31 ± 7.04) ng/L, tumor necrosis factor-α: (35.93 ± 4.25) ng/L vs. (20.93 ± 3.11) ng/L, t = 17.94, 16.14, 15.37, all P < 0.001]. After treatment, the mean blood flow velocities of the anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, and posterior cerebral artery in the Xingnaojing injection group were significantly higher than those in the control group [anterior cerebral artery: (49.36 ± 5.28) cm/s vs. (41.15 ± 5.12) cm/s, middle cerebral artery: (61.27 ± 7.02) cm/s vs. (50.19 ± 6.08) cm/s, posterior cerebral artery: (44.92 ± 5.63) cm/s vs. (37.26 ± 4.93) cm/s, t = 9.40, 10.05, 8.62, all P < 0.001]. After treatment, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale score in the Xingnaojing injection group were superior to those in the control group [National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score: (10.36 ± 1.52) points vs. (14.62 ± 2.05) points, Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale score: (76.19 ± 8.08) points vs. (65.28 ± 7.14) points, t = 14.06, 8.52, both P < 0.05]. After treatment, the serum level of malondialdehyde in the Xingnaojing injection group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(6.35 ± 1.02) μmol/L vs. (10.05 ± 1.63) μmol/L), t = 16.21, P < 0.001]. The serum level of superoxide dismutase in the Xingnaojing injection group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(114.31 ± 13.69) U/L vs. (92.25 ± 10.16) U/L), t = 10.90, P < 0.001]. Serum levels of neuron-specific enolase and S100β in the Xingnaojing injection group were significantly lower than those in the control group [neuron-specific enolase: (24.01 ± 3.24) IU/L vs. (30.31 ± 4.02) IU/L, S100β: (0.73 ± 0.17) ng/L vs. (1.13 ± 0.22) ng/L, t = 10.28, 12.12, both P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Intravenous thrombolysis combined with Xingnaojing injection for the treatment of cerebral infarction can improve intracranial hemodynamics, reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, and alleviate brain tissue injury. The combined therapy is beneficial to protect the neurological function of patients with cerebral infarction and is highly safe.
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Objective:To study the predictive value of peripheral blood cathepsin (Cat) level on arteriovenous fistula stenosis and therapeutic effect of urokinase combined with argatroban in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Methods:The clinical data of 120 patients with MHD from January 2017 to January 2021 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 72 patients had arteriovenous fistula stenosis (stenosis group), and 48 patients had not arteriovenous fistula stenosis (non-stenosis group). The patients in stenosis group were treated with urokinase combined with argatroban, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated; the stenosis degree of arteriovenous fistula stenosis was evaluated by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The levels of Cat K and S in peripheral blood were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of Cat K and S in peripheral blood on arteriovenous fistula stenosis in patients with MHD. The independent risk factor of arteriovenous fistula stenosis in patients with MHD was analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results:The levels of Cat K and S in peripheral blood in stenosis group were significantly higher than those in non-stenosis group: (404.34 ± 12.43) μg/L vs. (344.22 ± 12.09) μg/L and (124.55 ± 13.43) μg/L vs. (84.60 ± 12.45) μg/L, and there were statistical differences ( t = 26.39 and 16.68, P<0.01). The result of DSA showed that mild stenosis of arteriovenous fistula stenosis was in 33 cases, moderate stenosis in 23 cases, and severe stenosis in 16 cases. The levels of Cat K and S in peripheral blood in patients with moderate stenosis and severe stenosis were significantly higher than those in patients with mild stenosis: (399.83 ± 11.79) and (476.27 ± 12.24) μg/L vs. (372.61 ± 12.88) μg/L, (125.77 ± 12.75) and (151.69 ± 11.86) μg/L vs. (110.54 ± 12.07) μg/L, the indexes in patients with severe stenosis were significantly higher than those in patients with moderate stenosis, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). After treatment, excellent was in 40 cases, effective in 23 cases, and ineffective in 9 cases. The levels of Cat K and S in peripheral blood in patients with effective and ineffective were significantly higher than those in patients with excellent: (404.78 ± 10.96) and (491.30 ± 10.26) μg/L vs. (384.52 ± 10.36) μg/L, (121.85 ± 10.99) and (232.65 ± 10.61) μg/L vs. (101.78 ± 10.61) μg/L, the indexes in patients with ineffective were significantly higher than those in patients with effective, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). The ROC curve analysis result showed that the area under the curve of Cat K combined with Cat S in peripheral blood in forecasting arteriovenous fistula stenosis in patients with MHD was larger than that of Cat K and S alone (0.699 vs. 0.635 and 0.611), and the accuracy and specificity were also significantly higher (80.83% vs. 48.33% and 60.00%, 89.58% vs. 76.25% and 81.33%), the optimum cut-off values of Cat K and S in peripheral blood were 401.23 and 123.65 μg/L. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that the levels of Cat K and S in peripheral blood were the independent risk factor of arteriovenous fistula stenosis in patients with MHD ( OR = 1.02 and 1.63, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.93 and 1.33 to 2.32, P<0.01). Conclusions:The levels of Cat K and S in peripheral blood can predict the occurrence and extent of arteriovenous fistula stenosis in patients with MHD, and could also predict the therapeutic effect of urokinase combined with agatroban.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of the Xingnao Kaiqiao (regaining consciousness and opening orifices) acupuncture on hemorrhagic transformation and limb motor function after intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in stroke patients.@*METHODS@#A total of 130 stroke patients after rt-PA thrombolytic were divided into an acupuncture group (58 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a non-acupuncture group (72 cases, 7 cases dropped off) according to whether they received acupuncture treatment. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match each group, with 38 patients in each group. The patients in the non-acupuncture group received rt-PA thrombolytic therapy and western medical basic treatment. In addition to the basic treatment, the patients in the acupuncture group received Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture at Shuigou (GV 26), bilateral Neiguan (PC 6), and ipsilateral Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Chize (LU 5), once a day for 14 days. The incidence of hemorrhagic transformation within 30 days after onset was compared between the two groups. The Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) score and activities of daily living (ADL) score were observed at baseline and 30 days, 6 months, 1 year after onset in the two groups. The disability rate at 6 months and 1 year after onset was recorded, and safety was evaluated in both groups.@*RESULTS@#The incidence of hemorrhagic transformation in the acupuncture group was 5.3% (2/38), which was lower than 21.1% (8/38) in the non-acupuncture group (P<0.05). At 30 days, 6 month, and 1 year after onset, the FMA and ADL scores of both groups were higher than those at baseline (P<0.01), and the scores in the acupuncture group were higher than those in the non-acupuncture group (P<0.01). The disability rate in the acupuncture group at 1 year after onset was 10.5% (4/38), which was lower than 28.9% (11/38) in the non-acupuncture group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture method could reduce the incidence of hemorrhagic transformation in stroke patients after intravenous thrombolysis with rt-PA, improve their motor function and daily living ability, and reduce the long-term disability rate.
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Humans , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/adverse effects , Activities of Daily Living , Prospective Studies , Stroke , Acupuncture Therapy , Thrombolytic Therapy/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Objective:Early identification of ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion can improve referral efficiency and shorten reperfusion time. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of patients with large vessel occlusion and identify factors that could predict large vessel occlusion.Methods:The clinical data of 432 patients with ischemic stroke treated through emergency green channel were retrospectively analyzed, and the differences between the large vessel occlusion group (LVO group) and the non-large vessel occlusion group (non-LVO group) were compared, and two independent risk factors of the LVO group were screened out by logistics regression analysis: baseline NIHSS score and D-dimer value. The predicted cutoff values of NIHSS score and D-dimer were further determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:A total of 432 patients with ischemic stroke had complete imaging data, with a mean age of 68.5±12.4 years, including 275 (63.7%) males, and 245 (56.7%) in the LVO group and 187 (43.3%) in the non-LVO group. Age, hemorrhagic transformation, thrombolytic therapy, endovascular treatment, atrial fibrillation, baseline NIHSS score [14.0 (6.0-20.0) vs. 3.0 (1.0-6.0), P<0.05], and D-dimer value at admission [0.9(0.4-2.3) mg/L vs. 0.3 (0.2-0.5)mg/L, P<0.05] were statistically significant different between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that higher baseline NIHSS score( OR=1.22,95% CI: 1.17-1.27)and higher D-dimer value( OR=3.10,95% CI: 2.14-4.47)were independent risk factors for large vessel occlusion. Baseline NIHSS score combined with D-dimer value was a good predictor of large vessel occlusion(AUC 0.85 [0.81-0.89]). ROC curve suggested that NIHSS score >6.5 and D-dimer >0.57 mg/L were the cutoff values for predicting large vessel occlusion. Conclusions:Higher baseline NIHSS score and D-dimer value are valuable for early prediction of large vessel occlusion, patients with NIHSS score >6.5 points and D-dimer >0.57 mg/L should be promptly transported to an advanced stroke center for treatment.
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Objective:To investigate the predicting value of eosinophil-to-neutrophil ratio (ENR) for outcomes at 3 months after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods:Patients with AIS received intravenous thrombolysis in the Department of Neurology, Huai'an First People's Hospital from July 2019 to July 2022 were included retrospectively. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the independent correlation between ENR and outcomes at 3 months after intravenous thrombolysis. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of ENR levels for poor outcomes at 3 months after intravenous thrombolysis. Results:A total of 352 patients with AIS receiving intravenous thrombolysis were enrolled, including 240 men (68.1%), age 66.46±12.00 years old. The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 8 (interquartile range, 5-13). At 3 months after onset, 215 patients (61.0%) had good outcomes, 137 (38.9%) had poor outcomes. Univariate analysis showed that the median ENR×10 2 level of the poor outcome group was significantly lower than that of the good outcome group ( Z= –7.305, P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lower ENR×10 2 was an independent risk factor for poor outcomes at 3 months after intravenous thrombolysis (odds ratio 0.619, 95% confidence interval 0.514-0.745; P<0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for ENR×10 2 predicting the poor outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis was 0.731 (95% confidence interval 0.678-0.784; P<0.01). The optimal cutoff value was 0.625 and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 94% and 40%, respectively. Conclusion:Lower ENR before intravenous thrombolysis in patients with AIS is independently associated with the poor outcomes at 3 months.
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Objective:To investigate the correlation and predictive value of fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) and clinical outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods:Patients with acute ischemic stroke received intravenous thrombolysis treatment at Fuyang People's Hospital from November 2019 to August 2022 were retrospectively included. Their clinical, imaging, and laboratory data were collected. After 3 months of onset, a modified Rankin Scale was used for clinical outcome evaluation and a score >2 were defined as poor outcome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between FAR and poor outcome. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of FAR on adverse outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Results:A total of 162 patients were included. There were 114 patients (70.4%) in the good outcome group and 48 (29.6%) in the poor outcome group. Univariate analysis showed that the baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, fasting blood glucose, fibrinogen, and FAR in the poor outcome group were significantly higher than those in the good outcome group, while the serum albumin was significantly lower than that of the good outcome group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the baseline NIHSS score (odds ratio [ OR] 1.176, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.082-1.227; P<0.001), fasting blood glucose ( OR 1.206, 95% CI 1.018-1.430; P=0.030), and FAR ( OR 1.448, 95% CI 1.449-1.824; P=0.002) were the independent risk factors for poor outcome. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of FAR for predicting poor outcomes was 0.706 (95% CI 0.616-0.796). When the FAR cutoff value was 8.06, the sensitivity and specificity were 66.7% and 78.2%, respectively. Conclusion:There is a significant correlation between FAR and outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Higher FAR has certain predictive value for poor outcomes of patients.
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Objective:To investigate the correlation between different degrees of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and outcome after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods:Patients with AIS received intravenous thrombolytic therapy with standard dose of alteplase in the First Hospital of Putian City from January 2019 to June 2022 were retrospectively included. The Fazekas scale was used to score the WMHs shown on MRI, and the patients were divided into without or mild WMH group and moderate-to-severe WMH group. The clinical baseline data and the clinical outcome after 3 months of the two groups were compared. The poor outcome was defined as the modified Rankin scale score >2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influence of the severity of WMHs on the outcome after intravenous thrombolysis. Results:A total of 103 patients with AIS were included. Their age was 64.85±10.89 years old, and 66 (64.1%) were men. There were 60 patients (58.3%) in the without or mild WMH group, and 43 (41.7%) in the moderate-to-severe WMH group. There were significant differences in age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, as well as the proportion of patients with hypertension, smoking, hemorrhagic transformation and poor functional outcome at 3 months after onset in different degrees of WMH groups (all P<0.05). There were 73 patients (70.9%) in the good outcome group and 30 (29.1%) in the poor outcome group. There were significant differences in age, body mass index, baseline NIHSS score, WMH score, as well as the proportion of patients with hypertension, large atherosclerotic stroke and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage between the two groups ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, moderate-to-severe WMHs were the independent risk factors for the poor outcome at 3 months after intravenous thrombolysis (odds ratio 3.810, 95% confidence interval 1.298-1.124; P=0.015). Conclusion:Moderate-to-severe WMHs are associated with the poor outcome in patients with AIS at 3 months after intravenous thrombolysis.
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Intravenous thrombolysis is an effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke, but its benefits are time-dependent. The time from onset to intravenous thrombolysis is divided into onset-to-door time (ODT) and door-to-needle time (DNT). The former reflects pre-hospital delay, while the latter reflects in-hospital delay and can be controlled by stroke improvement plan. This article reviews the influence of DNT on clinical outcomes, the influencing factors of DNT and the stroke improvement plan to shorten DNT.
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Objective:To investigate the predictive value of systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) for hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods:Patients with AIS received intravenous thrombolysis in the Department of Neurology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital from July 2019 to July 2022 were included retrospectively. The head CT was performed at 24 h after intravenous thrombolysis and determined whether HT existed. sICH was defined as brain parenchymal hematoma, and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores increased by ≥4 compared with the baseline, or the patient died within 36 h after onset. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent correlation between SII and HT and sICH after intravenous thrombolysis. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of SII for HT and sICH after intravenous thrombolysis. Results:A total of 352 patients with AIS received intravenous thrombolysis were enrolled, including 240 males (68.1%), aged 66.46±12.00 years. The median baseline NIHSS score was 8 (interquartile range, 5-13), and the median SII is 531.91×10 9/L (interquartile range, 351.20-896.91×10 9/L). HT occurred in 62 patients (17.6%) and sICH occurred in 27 patients (7.7%). Univariate analysis showed that the SII of the HT group was significantly higher than that of the non-HT group ( Z=–2.731, P=0.006), and the SII of the sICH group was significantly higher than that of non-sICH group ( Z=–4.125, P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the increased SII was the independent risk factor for HT (odds ratio [ OR] 1.001, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.000-1.001; P=0.004) and sICH ( OR 1.001, 95% CI 1.001-1.002; P<0.01). ROC curve analysis shows that the area under curve of SII predicting HT was 0.610 (95% CI 0.535-0.686; P=0.006), and the best cutoff value was 488.48×10 9/L. The corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 69% and 47% respectively. The area under the curve of SII predicting sICH was 0.739 (95% CI 0.636-0.842; P<0.01), and the best cutoff value was 846.56×10 9/L, the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 70% and 77% respectively. Conclusion:The increased SII at admission can predict the risks of HT and sICH in patients with AIS after intravenous thrombolysis.